Una interacción entre -mostrar y no mostrar

en la fotografía en color Highly carcinogenic blue asbestos waste on the Owendale Asbestos Mine tailings dump, near Postmasburg, Northern Cape. The prevailing wind was in the direction of the mine officials’ houses at right. 21 December, 2002 de David Goldblatt.

Introducción

El fotógrafo David Goldblatt nace en el año 1930 en Randfontein, un pueblo cerca de Johannesburgo en Sudáfrica. Se dedicó por décadas a la fotografía hasta poco antes de su muerte en junio del año 2018.

Para Goldblatt, las revistas ilustradas como Look, Life o el Picture Post jugaron un rol importante en despertar su interés por la fotografía documental.1 Desde los años 60 David Goldblatt se dedicó enteramente a la fotografía y registró la vida cotidiana de Sudáfrica a lo largo de casi 60 años. 

En su producción fotográfica, Goldblatt prestó especial atención al sistema del Apartheid, que era la política de segregación establecida en Sudáfrica a partir el año 1948 después de que el National Party (el Partido nacional) suba al poder.2 

A lo largo de su carrera, Goldblatt publicó varios fotolibros y fotoensayos; participó en numerosas exposiciones colectivas como por ejemplo la Documenta 12 de Kassel en el año 2007, así como en exhibiciones individuales. Una de sus últimas exposiciones individuales se presentó en el Centre Georges Pompidou en Paris en el año 2018, titulada Structures of Dominion and Democracy. 

On Common Ground fue la primera exposición post mortem de Goldblatt, inaugurada el 28 de julio del 2018. La misma fue comisariada por Paul Weinberg y presentó el trabajo de los fotógrafos David Goldblatt y Peter Magubane, estableciendo un diálogo visual entre ambos cuerpos de trabajo. 

Una de las exhibiciones colectivas más actuales en las que participaron fotografías de Goldblatt, fue la exposición Dialoge im Wandel (Diálogos en transición) inaugurada en el museo Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen en Düsseldorf, Alemania en abril de 2022, presentando imágenes de The Walther Collection, en su mayoría de artistas fotógrafos africanos.3

El presente ensayo observará la fotografía de David Goldblatt titulada Highly carcinogenic blue asbestos waste on the Owendale Asbestos Mine tailings dump, near Postmasburg, Northern Cape. The prevailing wind was in the direction of the mine officials’ houses at right. 21 December, 2002. (Residuos de asbesto azul altamente cancerígeno en el vertedero de residuos de la mina de asbesto de Owendale, cerca de Postmasburg, Northern Cape. El viento predominante iba en dirección a las casas de los funcionarios de la mina, a la derecha. 21 de diciembre de 2002.). Este análisis propone examinar la fotografía antes mencionada y contemplar a través de esta cómo David Goldblatt aborda temas relacionados a la historia social y política de Sudáfrica en la época posterior del Apartheid mediante una interacción entre mostrar/no mostrar, es decir, proponiendo un diálogo entre visibilidad e invisibilidad. 

Para realizar este análisis me apoyaré en el texto del filósofo Dieter Mersch (1951) Ambiguitäten des Zeigens. Kleine Theorie monstrativer Praktiken (2016) el cual será un instrumento interesante para considerar las decisiones intrínsecas entre el acto de mostrar y no mostrar.

Desarrollo

Un tema fundamental en los ensayos fotográficos de Goldblatt es la vida diaria bajo el sistema de segregación que regía en Sudáfrica desde el año 1948 hasta el año 1991.4 El Apartheid fue un sistema establecido que promulgó la segregación racial y la discriminación en el país y exigía el desarrollo segregado de los distintos grupos raciales de Sudáfrica.5 

En Sudáfrica en épocas del Apartheid, la fotografía documental jugó un papel importante en la difusión y circulación de imágenes que intentaban visibilizar los conflictos internos y el sistema violento que regía al país.6 Por ejemplo, el colectivo de fotógrafos fundado alrededor del año 1981 bajo el nombre de Afrapix, practicaban la llamada “Struggle Photography”;7 estos fotógrafos se concentraban en capturar escenas de los tantos conflictos, protestas y represión que sucedían en las calles del país, con la intención de visualizar y difundir tanto a nivel nacional como internacional lo que sucedía en Sudáfrica bajo este sistema.8

David Goldblatt sostenía, sin embargo, que la cámara fotográfica no debería ser considerada un arma o un aparato encargado de una misión. David Goldblatt persiguió, por ende, otro método para representar la situación, él buscó abordar este conflicto a partir de imágenes de la vida diaria, donde se podía observar los problemas del sistema entramados ya en la cotidianeidad.  Gran parte de sus proyectos fotográficos se enfocan en imágenes de la vida diaria que exponen, por ejemplo, el racismo y la segregación en la época del Apartheid.  Ziebinska-Lewandowska argumenta:

“On several occasions David Goldblatt has affirmed that the photographic apparatus is not a weapon for him, adding that he understood very early on that he was not vested with a mission. These words pronounced publicly- notably during the congress “The Culture and Resistance” […] provoked heated reactions within the activist milieu participating in the event. Among the critics were some of Goldblatt´s colleagues and friends, members of Afrapix […] for whom denouncing the malfunction and crimes of apartheid through photography was a duty. While he supported their actions, Goldblatt was not a member of Afrapix and did not share their strategy. He was nevertheless considered to be one of the most uncompromising detractors of the system of apartheid and his photographs attest to this.”9

Como se ha señalado anteriormente, Goldblatt consideraba que la fotografía no debería tener un rol de activa denuncia y de lucha. Aun cuando David Goldblatt mantenía una opinión diferente en cuanto a la función de denuncia de la fotografía, significó un firme apoyo para sus colegas fotógrafos. 

A lo largo de su carrera, Goldblatt construyó paulatinamente un estilo fotográfico reflectivo y contemplativo. Como se señaló anteriormente, a pesar de la violencia diaria que enfrentaba su país, él tomó la decisión de utilizar un enfoque contemplativo en sus fotografías y buscó un método enfocado en las imágenes cotidianas, para registrar la situación.10 En resumen, Goldblatt puso en marcha una búsqueda de hacer visible el Apartheid empleando una estrategia distinta a la que, por ejemplo, empleaba la Struggle Photography. Como apunta Godby “[…] this was a gradual process and it involved him changing his approach to equipment, style, printing techniques, and book design. Above all, this change in photographic practice involved transforming his relationship to the subject matter.[…]”11

Con el desarrollo de este -enfoque contemplativo- Goldblatt recurrió a la fotografía de estructuras y espacios urbanos para reflexionar sobre la situación en Sudáfrica.12

La fotografía Highly carcinogenic blue asbestos waste on the Owendale Asbestos Mine tailings dump, near Postmasburg, Northern Cape. The prevailing wind was in the direction of the mine officials’ houses at right. 21 December, 2002, en la cual se centra el presente artículo, fue parte del ensayo fotográfico titulado Intersections publicado en el año 2005. Con este ensayo fotográfico, Goldblatt se sumergía por primera vez en la fotografía de color y experimentaba con impresiones digitales.13

La fotografía en cuestión presenta un gran plano general de un paisaje de rocas, en el que la riqueza de texturas es una característica fundamental. La composición está planteada de tal manera que solo una pequeña franja celeste- grisácea del cielo, la cual ocupa solo una pequeña parte del tercio superior de la imagen, contrasta con la porosidad del resto de la toma. Es decir, el paisaje rocoso ocupa la mayor parte de la imagen; el primer plano, el plano medio, así como el fondo. Fusionándose con el color marrón grisáceo de las rocas de este paisaje, el color celeste intenso de las fibras de asbesto es visible en más de ¾ partes de la imagen. Estas fibras celestes se encuentran repartidas por todo el espacio. En el tercio horizontal inferior del encuadre, el ángulo de la toma permite apreciar de forma detallada la textura de las rocas, y entre ellas, el asbesto azul. Este ángulo del encuadre facilita el sentido de espacialidad; el mismo es acentuado por la contrastante perspectiva entre las rocas que se perciben de tamaño grande en la parte inferior de la composición y las rocas del fondo que se aprecian con menos textura y menos contraste de color gris-marrón. Las fibras de asbestos resaltan entre las rocas de tal manera que son capaces de crear una ruta visual y guiar la mirada a través del paisaje. 

En esta imagen, David Goldblatt trata el tema de la minera de asbestos en Sudáfrica y sus fatales consecuencias. La fotografía fue realizada en el año 2002, cuando los restos de este material tóxico aún eran visibles en la tierra, a pesar de que la mina de asbestos había sido cerrada en el año 1984.14  Solamente después de la caída del Apartheid, se empezó a tomar en cuenta como las personas habían sido (y para el momento de la captura de la fotografía) seguían siendo afectadas por esta industria minera, a la vez de la contaminación ambiental que provocaba.15  

David Goldblatt se interesó por mostrar en sus fotografías lugares/estructuras/paisajes aparentemente vacíos y tranquilos, sin embargo, los mismos tras una pausada observación presentan en realidad indicios de cómo las decisiones de una sociedad pueden permanecer -entretejidos- en las estructuras y los paisajes.16 (esto es un ejemplo del enfoque contemplativo que se mencionó anteriormente) Mduduzi Xacaza concluye que David Goldblatt comenta fotográficamente las decisiones de una sociedad.

“In Goldblatt’s exploration of the visible signs of economic violence, what is remarkable in many of his photographs from both Apartheid and post-Apartheid periods (including the one under analysis), is the ability to employ sharp photographic vision of what can say volumes, though in a seemingly mundane manner, about the beliefs and values of the South African society.”17 

Retomando la cita de Xacaza, se concluye que Goldblatt utiliza un lenguaje visual de lo cotidiano en su fotografía, a partir de esto me gustaría retomar el foco de atención en la imagen en cuestión. En esta foto, David Golblatt presenta un paisaje natural cotidiano, en el cual se puede observar riqueza de texturas, colores y tonos. Sin embargo, el fotógrafo utiliza este lenguaje visual para representar un problema que se encuentra enraizado tanto en la naturaleza como en la sociedad post Apartheid. En este sentido, en esta fotografía se puede apreciar la manera en la que Goldblatt presenta un tema sensible a través del uso de imágenes cotidianas.

En proyectos anteriores, Goldblatt ya había trabajado con la problemática alrededor de campos de minería en Sudáfrica durante el Apartheid. En el año 1973 publicó su libro fotográfico titulado On the Mines, en el cual se concentra en la industria minera de oro y su impacto en la gente, en la vida diaria y en el paisaje. Este foto-ensayo incluye una observación del trabajo bajo tierra, de estructuras, además de retratos detallados de personas dedicadas a la minería.18 Sally Gaule destaca como On the Mines presenta una lectura del zeitgeist en épocas del Apartheid. 

“Together, these chapters explore the backbone of Johannesburg’s mining economy; of its technology, the forces that shaped the mining industry itself and the range of persons engaged in mining operations, (…). Moreover, the publication is also a perceptive assessment of the zeitgeist of South Africa during apartheid.”19

En la fotografía Highly carcinogenic blue asbestos waste on the Owendale Asbestos Mine tailings dump, near Postmasburg, Northern Cape. The prevailing wind was in the direction of the mine officials’ houses at right. 21 December, 2002. Goldblatt tiene otro acercamiento a la minería, esta vez a través de la observación de estructuras y de paisajes prácticamente construidos por el ser humano. Otro dato elemental es que esta y las otras fotografías de la serie llamada Intersections (2005), se realizaron años después del Apartheid. 

La pregunta central de este texto busca reflexionar de qué manera la forma en la que Goldblatt construyó esta fotografía demuestra como él trabaja con los motivos, las temáticas que le interesan y a su vez las decisiones que él toma en el acto de fotografiar. Tomando en consideración la interacción entre visibilidad e invisibilidad en esta fotografía, es oportuno observar cómo la misma presenta al espectador un paisaje aparentemente tranquilo que exhibe una armoniosa combinación y gradación de colores y matices pero que en realidad esconde un predominante peligro.  Este juego entre visibilidad y aparente invisibilidad, o, mejor dicho, la decisión consciente acerca de qué mostrar y qué dejar fuera del encuadre, podemos analizarlo trayendo a la discusión la premisa que el filósofo Dieter Mersch provee en su texto Ambiguitäten des Zeigens (2016) acerca del -mostrar-.  Dieter Mersch sostiene que el acto de -mostrar- algo, está necesariamente atravesado por la decisión de -no mostrar-. “[…] mit jeder Entscheidung, auf etwas Bestimmtes zu zeigen, [ist] gleichzeitig schon die Entscheidung, etwas anderes nicht zu zeigen, verbunden […]”20 Lo cual significa que algunos de los elementos han sido excluidos de aquello que está siendo presentado, es decir, lo -no expuesto- tiene, en ese caso, su propio relato. Mersch apunta: 

“[…] Im ersten Fall versteht man Zeigen performativ, im zweiten ostensiv bzw. transitiv, doch birgt letzteres die systematische Schwierigkeit, dass, wo auf etwas Bestimmtes gezeigt und damit etwas anderes ausgeschlossen wird, dieser Ausschluss nicht selbst wiederum gezeigt werden kann, denn Zeigen adressiert immer nur ein Dieses, sei es im Sinne einer Pointierung oder einer Präsentation. Verweigere ich deshalb im Akt des Zeigens ein anderes Zeigen, habe ich es bereits „als“ etwas anderes markiert, d.h. der bestimmten Negation unterzogen, was mit Bezug auf die Zuwendung oder Adressierung sicher eine unangemessene Formulierung darstellt.“21

Es esta conciencia de lo que -no está siendo presentado- que encuentro interesante de observar en la fotografía de Goldblatt. Considero que Goldblatt construye una fotografía, cuya composición establece un juego entre lo que se presenta y no se presenta. En un primer vistazo, la fotografía en cuestión parece mostrar solamente un paisaje de naturaleza. Sin embargo, es después de una observación detallada (y la inclusión del título de la misma, al cual volveré en un instante) lo que lleva a considerar aquello que esta imagen está mostrando entretejido en el paisaje. 

Ahora, retomando el título de la imagen, es importante considerar el papel que este juega en su interpretación. La información que el autor provee a través del título, guía a los sujetos observadores a considerar otros aspectos de lo que la fotografía aparentemente muestra. Esta manera de incluir los títulos de la fotografía en la interpretación es un aspecto que se encuentra a lo largo de su producción. Goldblatt emplea este tipo de títulos de carácter documental en la mayoría de sus imágenes, los títulos proveen normalmente la descripción de lo que se muestra o la persona o personas retratadas, el año y el lugar donde se capturó. Además, muchas veces incluye una explicación un tanto más ampliada, como en el caso de la imagen que hemos analizado en este artículo.

El lenguaje visual que escoge Goldblatt para mostrar y comentar acerca de las huellas de un componente tóxico en el paisaje, es presentarlo de tal manera que parezca ser parte de la vida diaria. Es de cierta forma una manera silenciosa de invitar a observar. Propongo que David Goldblatt, se interesa por el comentario que provee aquello que se muestra en la imagen, tanto como aquello que no se muestra o que pareciera permanecer invisible (como el asbesto azul, por ejemplo). Goldblatt hace uso del mostrar y también de lo que conscientemente deja en campos de lo -no mostrado-.

Conclusion

Después de observar la fotografía de David Goldblatt Highly carcinogenic blue asbestos waste on the Owendale Asbestos Mine tailings dump, near Postmasburg, Northern Cape. The prevailing wind was in the direction of the mine officials’ houses at right. 21 December, 2002, se ha definido que David Goldblatt utiliza una interacción entre -lo que se muestra y lo que no se muestra- para abordar un tema como la presencia de fibras tóxicas de asbesto azul en el paisaje de Sudáfrica, 18 años después del cierre de la mina de asbestos que operaba en este lugar. El presente texto se propuso determinar de qué manera la fotografía en cuestión puede ejemplificar la forma de trabajar de Goldblatt. La imagen que ha sido observada expone un ejemplo del abordaje contemplativo. Es decir, es una muestra de cómo él se interesa en aplicar su lenguaje fotográfico para tratar un tema en específico. 

A pesar de que el fin del Apartheid significó para Sudáfrica un periodo de reconstrucción y cambio político, las relaciones de poder, así como las consecuencias de un largo periodo bajo este régimen continuaron siendo visibles en la cultura material como en la arquitectura, el paisaje y los monumentos.22 La fotografía examinada en este artículo es un ejemplo de cómo él exhibe estos vestigios/remanentes en sus imágenes.

El traer a la discusión la argumentación de Dieter Mersch acerca del acto de mostrar y no mostrar, ha contribuido para considerar el relato/comentario de aquello que se ha dejado conscientemente fuera del encuadre. En el caso de la imagen revisada, Goldblatt incluye en la fotografía las fibras de asbestos, sin embargo, la composición no destaca únicamente estas fibras, por ejemplo, no se ha aplicado un primerísimo primer plano a las fibras azules o no se ha colocado el foco del lente únicamente en estas. 

Se puede argumentar que lo que le interesa mostrar a Goldblatt, es la presencia de estas fibras tóxicas en el ambiente de una manera prácticamente silente. En lo que respecta a esta fotografía, -lo no mostrado-, es decir, lo que se ha dejado fuera del encuadre ha sido de alguna manera incluido en el título de esta. Finalmente, como se ha discutido, la información que se incluye en el título es el elemento que finalmente revela el peligro que sugiere esta imagen. 

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Notas

  1.  Cf. Goldblatt, 55. With an essay by Lesley Lawson, 2001.
  2. Cf. Hayes, P., 2007, p. 144/ Cf. David L. Krantz, 2008, pp. 294-295.
  3.  Ver: Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen,  https://www.kunstsammlung.de/en/exhibitions/the-walther-collection-photography (Recuperado en 10.02.23).
  4.  Cf. South African History Online, A History of Apartheid in South Africa, 2016, URL: http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/history-apartheid-south-africa (Recuperado en 27.01.23).
  5.  Cf. South African History Online, A History of Apartheid in South Africa, 2016, URL: http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/history-apartheid-south-africa (Recuperado en 27.01.23).
  6.  Cf. Newbury, 2009, p.5.
  7.  David L. Krantz explica el término Struggle Photography: “Resistance or Struggle Photography is the term used by South African antiapartheid photographers to describe a genre of photography that is political in its stance. Its intention, beyond the aesthetic, is to document the conflicts between oppressors and their victims so as alert, persuade and elicit support for the oppressed. The reality captured by the photograph is from the vantage point of the subjugated person. Important examples of resistance photography are provided by the work of the Afrapix collective. During the 1980s Afrapix photographs contributed to the culture of struggle that played such an important role in mobilizing local and international response against repression of the country’s vast majority Black population by the apartheid regime.”  (David L. Krantz: Politics and Photography in Apartheid South Africa, History of Photography, 2008, p. 290.)
  8.  Cf. Newbury, 2009, p.240.
  9.  Ziebinska-Lewandowska, Photography as an act of thinking, 2018, p. 21.
  10.  Cf. Godby, David Goldblatt. The personal and the political, 2001, p. 416.
  11.  Godby, David Goldblatt. The personal and the political, 2001, p. 416.
  12.  Cf. Godby, Constructions, Changes in the view of the city in fifty years of David Godlblatt´s photography, 2010, p. 177.
  13.  Cf. Bajorek, 2015, p.222. /Cf. Bester, R., 2007, p. 21. 
  14.  Cf. Xakaza, 2015, p.162.  
  15.  Cf. Xakaza, 2015, p.162.  
  16.  Cf. Godby, David Goldblatt. The personal and the political, 2001, p. 421. / Cf. Linden, 2011, p. 350.
  17.  Cf. Xakaza, 2015, pp.163-164.
  18.  Cf. Bester R., 2007, p. 13. / Cf. Gaule, 2014.
  19.  Gaule, 2014, p.127.
  20. Mersch, Ambiguitäten des Zeigens. Kleine Theorie monstrativer Praktiken, 2016, p. 65. “[…] con cada decisión de señalar algo específico [está] al mismo tiempo, ya vinculada la decisión de no señalar otra cosa” (propia traducción al español).
  21. Mersch, Ambiguitäten des Zeigens. Kleine Theorie monstrativer Praktiken, 2016, p. 67.  “[…] En el primer caso, se entiende el señalar performativamente, en el segundo ostensiva o transitivamente, pero este último implica la dificultad sistemática de que allí donde se señala algo específico y, por tanto, se excluye otra cosa, esta exclusión no puede mostrarse a su vez, pues el señalar siempre se dirige sólo a un esto, ya sea en el sentido de un señalar o de un presentar. Si, por tanto, en el acto de señalar, niego otro señalamiento, ya lo he marcado “como” otra cosa, es decir, lo he sometido a la negación determinada, que es ciertamente una formulación inadecuada con referencia a la asignación o direccionamiento.” (propia traducción al español).
  22.   Cf. Linden, 2011, p. 350.

Bibliografia

  • Bajorek, Jennifer: On Colour Photography in an Extra-Moral Sense, en: Third Text, Noviembre, 2015, pp. 221–235, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09528822.2015.1106136 (Recuperado en: 10.01.2023).
  • Bester, Rory: David Goldblatt. Buch für Buch, en: Parr, M./ Goldblatt, D. [eds.]: David Goldblatt. Südafrikanische Fotografien. 1952-2006, Christoph Merian Verlag, Basel 2007, pp. 11-24.
  • Gaule, Sally: Mining photographs. David Goldblatt’s On the Mines, en: Social Dynamics 40:1, 2014, pp. 122-139, DOI: 10.1080/02533952.2014.884266. (Recuperado en 10.01.2023).
  • Godby, Michael: David Goldblatt. The Personal and the Political, en: Goldblatt, David Fifty-One Zears, Actar and Macba, Barcelona 2001, pp. 407-425.
  • Godby, Michael: Constructions. Changes in the View of the City in Fifty Years of David Godlblatt´s Photography, en: Farber, Leora [eds]: Representation and Spatial Practices in Urban South Africa, The Research Centre, Visual Identities in Art and Design, Johannesburg, 2010, pp. 170-183.
  • Goldblatt, David: 55. With an essay by Lesley Lawson, Phaidon, London, 2001.
  • Hayes, Patricia: Power, Secrecy, Proximity. A Short History of South African Photography, en, Kronos. Journarl of Cape History, Vol.33:1, Noviembre 2007, pp. 139-162.
  • Krantz, David L.: Politics and Photography in Apartheid South Africa, en: History of Photography, 32:4, pp-290-300, 2008, DOI: 10.1080/03087290802334885.
  • Linden, Anne: Photographs from the Intersections Series by David Goldblatt and the Question of Representation after Apartheid, en: Belting, H. [y.o.]: Global Studies. Mapping Contemporary Art and Culture, Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern, 2011, pp. 348-359.
  • Mersch, Dieter: Ambiguitäten des Zeigens. Kleine Theorie monstrativer Praktiken, en: Sykora, Katharina [y.o.]: Valenzen fotografischen Zeigens. Das fotografische Dispositiv, Band 3, Marburg 2016, pp. 51-73.
  • Newbury, Darren: Defiant Images. Photography and Apartheid South Africa, Unissa Press, Pretoria 2009.
  • South African History Online: A History of Apartheid in South Africa, 2016, URL: http://www.sahistory.org.za/article/history-apartheid-south-africa (Recuperado en 28.01.23).
  • Xakaza, M. M.: Power Relations in Landscape Photographs by David Goldblatt and Santu Mofokeng, Diss. University of the Western Cape, Western Cape, December 2015. Accesible en: (http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4846).
  • Ziebinska-Lewandowska, Karolina.: Photography as an Act of Thinking, en: K., Ziebinska-Lewandowska/ Goldblatt, David: David Goldblat. Structures of Dominion and Democracy [Ex.Cat], Centre Pompidou, Steidl, Paris 2018 pp. 20-27.

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Rineke Dijkstra. The encounter between the photographer, the sitters and the viewer in the Beach Portrait Series.

Machine Gun Confusion

The shapes are that of two people. They do each have a soul, But it’s hard for them to remember...
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Brand New Heaven

I tried to accept everything, so that I could come to Heaven. But when I got there, Heaven was closed...
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Brand New Heaven

Maniobras: las políticas internacionales que militarizan las vidas de las mujeres

Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women's Lives Cynthia Enloe University of California Press, 2000, 437 pages.  ISBN: 9780520220713 Traducción...
Read More
Maniobras: las políticas internacionales que militarizan las vidas de las mujeres

I Can Only Wonder

If we are always foreigners when one  of us walks across the Pont de Sully [what is then foreigner?]  I...
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I Can Only Wonder

Before Lockdown

Cuando cruzar un puente al aire libre era parte de la normalidad (autoetnografía) "Y el tiempo dirá si al final...
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Before Lockdown

Reseña poetizada de “Le Pont du Nord”, Jacques Rivette

Una claustrofóbica en prisión y una gemela con un hermano igual,             de otro país. Una llamada por cobrar ya pagada. ...
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Reseña poetizada de “Le Pont du Nord”, Jacques Rivette

ON A THEORY OF VIRTUAL SOCIAL SYSTEMS FOR CHILDREN

“loko yosa darumayi yatha” (all the world is like a wooden doll in the hands of a master of puppets)SRIMAD BHAGAVATAM,...
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ON A THEORY OF VIRTUAL SOCIAL SYSTEMS FOR CHILDREN

Jonathan Avinash Victor / The space of art (interview)

What is the place of art? Let me say that art has no place, it has no definite space, but creeps in the spaces in between fixed realities. This is what I have discovered in Jonathan Avinash Victor’s art. His art seems a continuous transition, a journey between sketch and final product, between lines and broken figures, between color and non-color. In between this non-determinacies pockets of meaning appear that both accentuate the discontinuity between the various lines and non-lines as well as bring them all together. These flowing lines intertwined around exploding pockets of meaning are surprisingly simplistic, they do not overstrain the overall structure but invite us to float with them in between forms. This makes Avinash’ art very attractive, giving the nepantla state a peaceful, creative, pleasurable dimension in contrast to the angst of indeterminacy described by Emilio Uranga regarding the same state. 

Follow Jonathan on Instagram to see more of his art


I have had the pleasure of chatting with Jonathan Avinash Victor about his art. Here are the questions he was kind enough to answer.


FN: Dear Jonathan, thank you for this opportunity to explore the space of art together. Could you tell us more about yourself and your art concept in general?

JAV: In terms of my foray into the artworld, I have been collecting art for over 10 years. This led me to have many discussions and meetings with artists. One of them, Jeganathan Ramachandram, really saw something in me and urged me to try my hand at being an artist. He claimed that thus far, I had used art collecting as a means of expressing my love of art but that really, I was an artist. It’s only that the idea had never occurred to me before. I then decided to apprentice under him from March 2019 until sometime in December 2019. These art classes were more philosophical than traditional. Most classes were merely conversations in art, religion, life and many other subjects. These were then used as my inspiration to draw and paint. I enjoyed this method of apprenticeship, although it is a very much slower way of learning art, and obviously isn’t everyones cup of tea.

My art concept seems to center around my fascination of how the human mind works. I use the phrase “seems to” because when I first started drawing, I didn’t define it as such. The pattern started emerging in my art and I then linked it back to my fascination in understanding this thing we called our mind. One of the most recurring images in my art is the human face. I use it as a way of expressing and exploring emotions/thoughts which I feel the English language (or at least my grasp of it) is inadequate of doing. It isn’t so important to me to give definition to these emotions or the reasons behind a certain state of mind but more to just describe it in my art and leave it up to the viewer to form her/his own opinion. Sometimes I do tell a fixed story with clearly defined emotive conclusions through a particular drawing. But the human experience is so varied that I am sure even these can be interpreted in many ways by the viewer. At the end of the day, I’m really interested in creating art that gives the viewer (and myself) a language or aid in expressing and perhaps understanding her/his own emotions and thoughts.   

FN: You mentioned in our short chat, that nepantla feels close to your art. Could you tell us more about that?

JAV: Before coming across Forum Nepantla’s Instagram page I wasn’t aware of the word nepantla. Reading your website and then doing subsequent research really made me feel that it resonated with me as an artist and human. The in-between states of being an artist or human take on a more beautiful meaning with nepantla. It is an acceptance of the journey between A-B. It is a recognition that in as much as the destination is important, it is the journey (the in between space) that defines, teaches and ultimately molds one. In between-ness is something to be cherished and enjoyed. An example I had mentioned in my short chat with you was questions I get asked often as an artist, “why not use colour? why not try paints? Why not acrylics on canvas?” These are well meaning questions, I admit. Still, for me what is more important is to be comfortable with the in-between-ness, the nepantla. This does not mean one will stay in this space indefinitely or be happy with neither being here nor there but an acknowledgement of the process of being in-between. Another example is how my wife and I live and work between Malaysia and Singapore. Many times, we feel stretched or torn between juggling various elements such as career, money, family and our relationship. It definitely is a state of nepantla! We do try to feel comfortable with this in-between state as much as it is difficult.

FN: Do you think art has a specific space? Or does art create new spaces? Or is it spaceless so to say?

JAV: This is how it think of art in relation to space. Art originates from the mind of humans, as a thought impulse brought to life in many different forms, be it visual arts, or performing arts or something else. Thus, it already took up a certain indeterminate space in the mind, its subsequent expression gave it a physicality. Art then is really a thought impulse finding its physical space. In that sense, I do think it finds a space to exist every time it comes into being in terms of its physicality. In that sense art almost has to find a space to exist in fixed reality. The art produced is definitely influenced by the particular space the artist is in, and that’s why we see a certain geography or society produces a certain type of art. Still with the internet and travel being so cheap this seems to be a boundary that will constantly erode. In as much as art finds a space to exist in reality, in the first place, reality itself has such a big influence on the thoughts of an artist and thus her/his art. 

FN: What is your personal creative process?

JAV: I usually get sparks of ideas from pictures (Instagram), movies and the people around me. I am constantly watching faces. I then start thinking about some emotion or a cocktail of emotions that they are feeling and try to mirror that in my mind. Because there are so many impulses in any given day, a particular work of art is usually an amalgamation of these impulses rather than one particular observation. Though, sometimes, it is. I just let these ideas brew in my mind. After this, the process gets a little less defined. When I pick up my pen or pencil to draw, I trust that something of these thoughts will guide me. I then start with just a line and see where it takes me. Usually, after the first few minutes the ideas start solidifying and images start appearing. Once I get hooked onto a certain concept for that piece, I make a more conscious effort to define the work. I do think this creative process has its limitations especially when it comes to painting big pieces of art. More deliberate planning will have to come into play, especially with the images I want to create.

FN: Who are your greatest influences?

JAV: If I had to pick one artist that I have researched and draw a lot of inspiration from it is Picasso. He went through many phases in his art life, wasn’t afraid of experimenting, constantly pushed his own personal boundaries. Clearly, he was very comfortable with nepantla because his phases sometimes lasted years. My art guru, Jeganathan, has also really shaped how I think about my art journey. He always allows me to venture at my own pace while constantly getting me to improve my skill as an artist. One really needs the skill of drawing and painting properly to express the complex ideas that come.

FN: Do you have any specific projects that you are working on?

JAV: Somewhere in September 2019, together with my art guru I came up with the idea of creating 100 small (A5 and A4) size pen drawings since it looked like I just had so many ideas flowing when it came to this method. Painting or drawing with colour felt harder for me and I just wasn’t getting the flow to produce. I think it will take a lot more practice and then the flow will come. I have already hit the 100 mark, in no small part because am currently in lockdown known as “circuit breaker” in Singapore. I would really like to have an exhibition of these drawings in an art space in Singapore or Malaysia but with the Covid-19 situation things are in flux. In terms of artistic expression, I want to start painting with acrylic (on canvas) rather than just focusing on ink and paper.  

FN: Thank you. Would you have any other points important for you that you wish to share with us?

JAV: Circling back our discussion of art and the concept of nepantla I would like to say to anyone reading this, enjoy the in-between-ness of life. This is opposed to angst, unhappiness or anxiety often felt by us when we are in an in-between space.

FN: Thank you a lot for this wonderful interview. I hope to see more of your art in the future.


GOSPEL FOR THE LIVING ONES

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Rineke Dijkstra. The encounter between the photographer, the sitters and the viewer in the Beach Portrait Series.

The role of photography in the construction of identity. An encounter between observing and being observed; detailed colored large-scaled depictions...
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Rineke Dijkstra. The encounter between the photographer, the sitters and the viewer in the Beach Portrait Series.

Machine Gun Confusion

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Brand New Heaven

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Maniobras: las políticas internacionales que militarizan las vidas de las mujeres

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Maniobras: las políticas internacionales que militarizan las vidas de las mujeres

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ON A THEORY OF VIRTUAL SOCIAL SYSTEMS FOR CHILDREN

agamben amanda vox art brassier Cenzontle chicana collage comix Comprensión corona coronavirus COVID COVID-19 derrida Dtundtuncan feminism film Fortaleza glitch gundam indonesia japan Japanese lockdown meillasoux meme memes mujer Nepantla nepantlera noise philosophy poetry politics post post-digital postdigital punk queer rodin social distancing Soledad video virus zine

Amanda Vox/Lockdown Art VII


Every week Amanda Vox documents life in lockdown/quarantine via collages. A collage seems most appropiate to depict such a multi-facetted phenomenon, as it combines images, faces, elements that normally don’t belong toegether, but nevertheless intertwine in a meaningful visual experience. A collage has the advantage of being able to portray how the life of one thing gets interrupted and at the same time completed by other, unexpected things. Such a descriptive logic fits well with the everyday experience and confusion of self-isolation, that paradoxically connects us to a global pandemia, to an indefinite and indeterminate event seeping in every corner of our lives.



GOSPEL FOR THE LIVING ONES

We began building mom's  home the day the bombings  began. First it was the smoke.  Later it arrived the fire...
Read More

Una interacción entre -mostrar y no mostrar

en la fotografía en color Highly carcinogenic blue asbestos waste on the Owendale Asbestos Mine tailings dump, near Postmasburg, Northern...
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Una interacción entre -mostrar y no mostrar

Rineke Dijkstra. The encounter between the photographer, the sitters and the viewer in the Beach Portrait Series.

The role of photography in the construction of identity. An encounter between observing and being observed; detailed colored large-scaled depictions...
Read More
Rineke Dijkstra. The encounter between the photographer, the sitters and the viewer in the Beach Portrait Series.

Machine Gun Confusion

The shapes are that of two people. They do each have a soul, But it’s hard for them to remember...
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Brand New Heaven

I tried to accept everything, so that I could come to Heaven. But when I got there, Heaven was closed...
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Brand New Heaven

Maniobras: las políticas internacionales que militarizan las vidas de las mujeres

Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women's Lives Cynthia Enloe University of California Press, 2000, 437 pages.  ISBN: 9780520220713 Traducción...
Read More
Maniobras: las políticas internacionales que militarizan las vidas de las mujeres

I Can Only Wonder

If we are always foreigners when one  of us walks across the Pont de Sully [what is then foreigner?]  I...
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I Can Only Wonder

Before Lockdown

Cuando cruzar un puente al aire libre era parte de la normalidad (autoetnografía) "Y el tiempo dirá si al final...
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Before Lockdown

Reseña poetizada de “Le Pont du Nord”, Jacques Rivette

Una claustrofóbica en prisión y una gemela con un hermano igual,             de otro país. Una llamada por cobrar ya pagada. ...
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Reseña poetizada de “Le Pont du Nord”, Jacques Rivette

ON A THEORY OF VIRTUAL SOCIAL SYSTEMS FOR CHILDREN

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ON A THEORY OF VIRTUAL SOCIAL SYSTEMS FOR CHILDREN

The Sushi-girls Collection by Frau Katzenfisch

I’m sitting at the kaiten-sushi restaurant. Spring has just begun and I decided to stop after work here since it’s been a while since I had sushi last time. The sushi plates rotate around me, or I rotate around the plates….I don’t know. It’s a colourful spectacle. This dance combines sensuality and death. As any dance. The smell of fresh fish and green tea. I place my selection on the screen and a gentle computer-voice confirms my order. If I had a girlfriend, I would like her to have that robotic voice. There is much to choose. I’m lost. What should I have today? Kani (crab)? Hirame (flatfish)? Anago (conger)? Ikura (red caviar)? I keep ordering and ordering. I can’t have enough of these sushi-girls. I’ve even got a discount today, 10% off. When I start to feel lucky, suddenly, I realize that they are aware of me and I feel observed. Now it’s me who rotates. It’s me who is dancing. Now it’s me who is going to end up covered with wasabi and soy-sauce.

We couldn’t resist it. Frau Katzenfisch drawings are too…cute?….sexy?….tasty?…don’t you think so?

If you didn’t read yet, check out our mini-interview with her.

And don’t forget to follow her in Instagram!

GOSPEL FOR THE LIVING ONES

We began building mom's  home the day the bombings  began. First it was the smoke.  Later it arrived the fire...
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Una interacción entre -mostrar y no mostrar

en la fotografía en color Highly carcinogenic blue asbestos waste on the Owendale Asbestos Mine tailings dump, near Postmasburg, Northern...
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Una interacción entre -mostrar y no mostrar

Rineke Dijkstra. The encounter between the photographer, the sitters and the viewer in the Beach Portrait Series.

The role of photography in the construction of identity. An encounter between observing and being observed; detailed colored large-scaled depictions...
Read More
Rineke Dijkstra. The encounter between the photographer, the sitters and the viewer in the Beach Portrait Series.

Machine Gun Confusion

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Brand New Heaven

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Brand New Heaven

Maniobras: las políticas internacionales que militarizan las vidas de las mujeres

Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women's Lives Cynthia Enloe University of California Press, 2000, 437 pages.  ISBN: 9780520220713 Traducción...
Read More
Maniobras: las políticas internacionales que militarizan las vidas de las mujeres

I Can Only Wonder

If we are always foreigners when one  of us walks across the Pont de Sully [what is then foreigner?]  I...
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I Can Only Wonder

Before Lockdown

Cuando cruzar un puente al aire libre era parte de la normalidad (autoetnografía) "Y el tiempo dirá si al final...
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Before Lockdown

Reseña poetizada de “Le Pont du Nord”, Jacques Rivette

Una claustrofóbica en prisión y una gemela con un hermano igual,             de otro país. Una llamada por cobrar ya pagada. ...
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Reseña poetizada de “Le Pont du Nord”, Jacques Rivette

ON A THEORY OF VIRTUAL SOCIAL SYSTEMS FOR CHILDREN

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ON A THEORY OF VIRTUAL SOCIAL SYSTEMS FOR CHILDREN

Amanda Vox/ Lockdown Art VI



Every week Amanda Vox documents life in lockdown/quarantine via collages. A collage seems most appropiate to depict such a multi-facetted phenomenon, as it combines images, faces, elements that normally don’t belong toegether, but nevertheless intertwine in a meaningful visual experience. A collage has the advantage of being able to portray how the life of one thing gets interrupted and at the same time completed by other, unexpected things. Such a descriptive logic fits well with the everyday experience and confusion of self-isolation, that paradoxically connects us to a global pandemia, to an indefinite and indeterminate event seeping in every corner of our lives.


GOSPEL FOR THE LIVING ONES

We began building mom's  home the day the bombings  began. First it was the smoke.  Later it arrived the fire...
Read More

Una interacción entre -mostrar y no mostrar

en la fotografía en color Highly carcinogenic blue asbestos waste on the Owendale Asbestos Mine tailings dump, near Postmasburg, Northern...
Read More
Una interacción entre -mostrar y no mostrar

Rineke Dijkstra. The encounter between the photographer, the sitters and the viewer in the Beach Portrait Series.

The role of photography in the construction of identity. An encounter between observing and being observed; detailed colored large-scaled depictions...
Read More
Rineke Dijkstra. The encounter between the photographer, the sitters and the viewer in the Beach Portrait Series.

Machine Gun Confusion

The shapes are that of two people. They do each have a soul, But it’s hard for them to remember...
Read More

Brand New Heaven

I tried to accept everything, so that I could come to Heaven. But when I got there, Heaven was closed...
Read More
Brand New Heaven

Maniobras: las políticas internacionales que militarizan las vidas de las mujeres

Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women's Lives Cynthia Enloe University of California Press, 2000, 437 pages.  ISBN: 9780520220713 Traducción...
Read More
Maniobras: las políticas internacionales que militarizan las vidas de las mujeres

I Can Only Wonder

If we are always foreigners when one  of us walks across the Pont de Sully [what is then foreigner?]  I...
Read More
I Can Only Wonder

Before Lockdown

Cuando cruzar un puente al aire libre era parte de la normalidad (autoetnografía) "Y el tiempo dirá si al final...
Read More
Before Lockdown

Reseña poetizada de “Le Pont du Nord”, Jacques Rivette

Una claustrofóbica en prisión y una gemela con un hermano igual,             de otro país. Una llamada por cobrar ya pagada. ...
Read More
Reseña poetizada de “Le Pont du Nord”, Jacques Rivette

ON A THEORY OF VIRTUAL SOCIAL SYSTEMS FOR CHILDREN

“loko yosa darumayi yatha” (all the world is like a wooden doll in the hands of a master of puppets)SRIMAD BHAGAVATAM,...
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ON A THEORY OF VIRTUAL SOCIAL SYSTEMS FOR CHILDREN

Amanda Vox/Lockdown Art IV


Every week Amanda Vox documents life in lockdown/quarantine via collages. A collage seems most appropiate to depict such a multi-facetted phenomenon, as it combines images, faces, elements that normally don’t belong toegether, but nevertheless intertwine in a meaningful visual experience. A collage has the advantage of being able to portray how the life of one thing gets interrupted and at the same time completed by other, unexpected things. Such a descriptive logic fits well with the everyday experience and confusion of self-isolation, that paradoxically connects us to a global pandemia, to an indefinite and indeterminate event seeping in every corner of our lives.


GOSPEL FOR THE LIVING ONES

We began building mom's  home the day the bombings  began. First it was the smoke.  Later it arrived the fire...
Read More

Una interacción entre -mostrar y no mostrar

en la fotografía en color Highly carcinogenic blue asbestos waste on the Owendale Asbestos Mine tailings dump, near Postmasburg, Northern...
Read More
Una interacción entre -mostrar y no mostrar

Rineke Dijkstra. The encounter between the photographer, the sitters and the viewer in the Beach Portrait Series.

The role of photography in the construction of identity. An encounter between observing and being observed; detailed colored large-scaled depictions...
Read More
Rineke Dijkstra. The encounter between the photographer, the sitters and the viewer in the Beach Portrait Series.

Machine Gun Confusion

The shapes are that of two people. They do each have a soul, But it’s hard for them to remember...
Read More

Brand New Heaven

I tried to accept everything, so that I could come to Heaven. But when I got there, Heaven was closed...
Read More
Brand New Heaven

Maniobras: las políticas internacionales que militarizan las vidas de las mujeres

Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women's Lives Cynthia Enloe University of California Press, 2000, 437 pages.  ISBN: 9780520220713 Traducción...
Read More
Maniobras: las políticas internacionales que militarizan las vidas de las mujeres

I Can Only Wonder

If we are always foreigners when one  of us walks across the Pont de Sully [what is then foreigner?]  I...
Read More
I Can Only Wonder

Before Lockdown

Cuando cruzar un puente al aire libre era parte de la normalidad (autoetnografía) "Y el tiempo dirá si al final...
Read More
Before Lockdown

Reseña poetizada de “Le Pont du Nord”, Jacques Rivette

Una claustrofóbica en prisión y una gemela con un hermano igual,             de otro país. Una llamada por cobrar ya pagada. ...
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Reseña poetizada de “Le Pont du Nord”, Jacques Rivette

ON A THEORY OF VIRTUAL SOCIAL SYSTEMS FOR CHILDREN

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ON A THEORY OF VIRTUAL SOCIAL SYSTEMS FOR CHILDREN

Angel Cabrales/The uncolonized: a vision in the parallel

Mathematics, astronomy, irrigation, sewer systems, rubber…there were many technological advances made by the indigenous people of the Americas that most people are not aware of. The Uncolonized is an interactive installation inviting the viewer to walk through a glimpse of a parallel universe. A universe where the western hemisphere was not colonized and the indigenous people were allowed to advance without outside interference. Creating a new world of solar powered Aztechnonauts, systematic Mayathmaticians, computing Incanputer Scientists, problem solving Zapoteknical Engineers and experimenting Olmechemists. The installation presents an alternative realm which invites the viewer to create a dialogue in the history of the Americas and its indigenous people. Instill a curiosity into the untaught histories of our heritage while using a science fiction twist to nurture the pride in one’s ethnic heritage, creating thought, generate conversation and discussion to forge a strong sense of pride in who we are as a people.
The work, created through multimedia sculptures, laser cut resin paintings, video, music as artifacts are laid out in an archeological museum motif including dioramas of key points in this new history. A mural of divergent timeline includes the histories of the universe, the new paths taken and points of divergence.


GOSPEL FOR THE LIVING ONES

We began building mom's  home the day the bombings  began. First it was the smoke.  Later it arrived the fire...
Read More

Una interacción entre -mostrar y no mostrar

en la fotografía en color Highly carcinogenic blue asbestos waste on the Owendale Asbestos Mine tailings dump, near Postmasburg, Northern...
Read More
Una interacción entre -mostrar y no mostrar

Rineke Dijkstra. The encounter between the photographer, the sitters and the viewer in the Beach Portrait Series.

The role of photography in the construction of identity. An encounter between observing and being observed; detailed colored large-scaled depictions...
Read More
Rineke Dijkstra. The encounter between the photographer, the sitters and the viewer in the Beach Portrait Series.

Machine Gun Confusion

The shapes are that of two people. They do each have a soul, But it’s hard for them to remember...
Read More

Brand New Heaven

I tried to accept everything, so that I could come to Heaven. But when I got there, Heaven was closed...
Read More
Brand New Heaven

Maniobras: las políticas internacionales que militarizan las vidas de las mujeres

Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women's Lives Cynthia Enloe University of California Press, 2000, 437 pages.  ISBN: 9780520220713 Traducción...
Read More
Maniobras: las políticas internacionales que militarizan las vidas de las mujeres

I Can Only Wonder

If we are always foreigners when one  of us walks across the Pont de Sully [what is then foreigner?]  I...
Read More
I Can Only Wonder

Before Lockdown

Cuando cruzar un puente al aire libre era parte de la normalidad (autoetnografía) "Y el tiempo dirá si al final...
Read More
Before Lockdown

Reseña poetizada de “Le Pont du Nord”, Jacques Rivette

Una claustrofóbica en prisión y una gemela con un hermano igual,             de otro país. Una llamada por cobrar ya pagada. ...
Read More
Reseña poetizada de “Le Pont du Nord”, Jacques Rivette

ON A THEORY OF VIRTUAL SOCIAL SYSTEMS FOR CHILDREN

“loko yosa darumayi yatha” (all the world is like a wooden doll in the hands of a master of puppets)SRIMAD BHAGAVATAM,...
Read More
ON A THEORY OF VIRTUAL SOCIAL SYSTEMS FOR CHILDREN

Amanda Vox/ Lockdown Art (III)

Every week Amanda Vox documents life in lockdown/quarantine via collages. A collage seems most appropiate to depict such a multi-facetted phenomenon, as it combines images, faces, elements that normally don’t belong toegether, but nevertheless intertwine in a meaningful visual experience. A collage has the advantage of being able to portray how the life of one thing gets interrupted and at the same time completed by other, unexpected things. Such a descriptive logic fits well with the everyday experience and confusion of self-isolation, that paradoxically connects us to a global pandemia, to an indefinite and indeterminate event seeping in every corner of our lives.


GOSPEL FOR THE LIVING ONES

We began building mom's  home the day the bombings  began. First it was the smoke.  Later it arrived the fire...
Read More

Una interacción entre -mostrar y no mostrar

en la fotografía en color Highly carcinogenic blue asbestos waste on the Owendale Asbestos Mine tailings dump, near Postmasburg, Northern...
Read More
Una interacción entre -mostrar y no mostrar

Rineke Dijkstra. The encounter between the photographer, the sitters and the viewer in the Beach Portrait Series.

The role of photography in the construction of identity. An encounter between observing and being observed; detailed colored large-scaled depictions...
Read More
Rineke Dijkstra. The encounter between the photographer, the sitters and the viewer in the Beach Portrait Series.

Machine Gun Confusion

The shapes are that of two people. They do each have a soul, But it’s hard for them to remember...
Read More

Brand New Heaven

I tried to accept everything, so that I could come to Heaven. But when I got there, Heaven was closed...
Read More
Brand New Heaven

Maniobras: las políticas internacionales que militarizan las vidas de las mujeres

Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women's Lives Cynthia Enloe University of California Press, 2000, 437 pages.  ISBN: 9780520220713 Traducción...
Read More
Maniobras: las políticas internacionales que militarizan las vidas de las mujeres

I Can Only Wonder

If we are always foreigners when one  of us walks across the Pont de Sully [what is then foreigner?]  I...
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I Can Only Wonder

Before Lockdown

Cuando cruzar un puente al aire libre era parte de la normalidad (autoetnografía) "Y el tiempo dirá si al final...
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Before Lockdown

Reseña poetizada de “Le Pont du Nord”, Jacques Rivette

Una claustrofóbica en prisión y una gemela con un hermano igual,             de otro país. Una llamada por cobrar ya pagada. ...
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Reseña poetizada de “Le Pont du Nord”, Jacques Rivette

ON A THEORY OF VIRTUAL SOCIAL SYSTEMS FOR CHILDREN

“loko yosa darumayi yatha” (all the world is like a wooden doll in the hands of a master of puppets)SRIMAD BHAGAVATAM,...
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ON A THEORY OF VIRTUAL SOCIAL SYSTEMS FOR CHILDREN